LEGAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD FRAUD AND ELDERLY CONSUMER PROTECTION IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Food fraud has emerged as a critical concern, particularly affecting the vulnerable elderly population in 
Nigeria. This article examines the effectiveness of legislative frameworks including the National Agency 
for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), the Federal Competition and Consumer 
Protection Commission (FCCPC), and the National Policy on Ageing (2021) in protecting elderly 
consumers from fraudulent food practices. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining 
legal document analysis, thematic review of reported food fraud cases and qualitative assessment of 
enforcement mechanisms. The study surveyed 1,250 elderly consumers (aged 65+) across six geopolitical 
zones of Nigeria, with stratified sampling ensuring representation from both urban centres (60%) and rural 
communities (40%). Additionally, 45 in-depth interviews were conducted with regulatory officials across 
Lagos, Abuja, Kano, and Enugu. The findings reveal a 30% increase in food fraud incidents over the past 
four years, with elderly consumers being twice as likely to fall victim compared to the general population 
due to factors like diminished sensory capabilities, fixed incomes, reduced digital literacy, and age-related 
health conditions. The research supports the need for enhanced mechanisms, improved coordination 
between regulatory bodies and targeted protection measures for elderly consumers.