PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE BY VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA

Abstract

The experience of being sexually violated is traumatic enough, but for many victims, approaching 
the criminal justice system in pursuit of justice for the violation of their right to dignity becomes a 
second trauma. While legal and institutional frameworks exist to punish offenders and provide 
protection for the victims, the realities of accessing justice with ease remain deeply flawed.  The 
perception of justice by victims is not only shaped by outcomes but starts from their initial contact 
with the police, who are the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system. Furthermore, how societies 
respond to their disclosure is also essential. Understanding this perception is vital for a justice 
system that is fair and just. This article aims to explore how victims of sexual violence perceive 
justice within institutional and legal frameworks and whether the responses meet their needs and 
expectations. Using a doctrinal approach, a careful examination of various factors is needed to 
assess the adequacy or inadequacy of the existing legal framework. Findings revealed that multiple 
factors, including societal attitudes, cultural beliefs, support services, and the duration of the trial 
process, shape victims' perceptions of justice. In conclusion, the adversarial system of 
adjudication, which limits victims’ participation, usually fails to meet their expectations. It is 
recommended that to improve on the gap in the justice system, there is a need for reforms and 
provision of various guidelines, improved victim support services, establishment of more 
specialised courts for sexual offences, creation of continuous public awareness, and education for 
victims on what to expect as they navigate the justice system. Once victims are recognised, their 
voices are heard for the crime committed against them. Through this, the justice system establishes 
an equitable system that supports victims.